A newly released deliverable, D4.5, titled ‘Final Results of 6G Radio Key Enablers,’ from the Hexa-X-II project, presents the latest developments in 6G radio technologies. It builds on findings from the previous Deliverable D4.3 and reports on simulations and proof-of-concept (PoC) evaluations within Work Package 4 (WP4), ‘Radio Evolution and Innovation.’
The document outlines a framework for 6G radio design, addressing communication and sensing requirements, regulatory considerations, and values such as sustainability, trustworthiness, and inclusivity. As new 6G applications push performance boundaries, the research explores methods for high data rate communication and precise sensing while emphasising material and energy efficiency.
Advancing Spectrum and Antenna Technologies
D4.5 examines radio channel characteristics at sub-THz frequencies (100-300 GHz) and mid-band (7-24 GHz), proposing updates to existing channel models to meet 6G’s operational demands. The analysis covers advanced Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems, with a particular focus on Distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). Research investigates resource allocation, deployment strategies, and the integration of Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) while presenting new MIMO hardware designs to improve system performance and reduce power consumption.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are explored as a method to enhance wireless network efficiency. The deliverable details RIS validations and discusses integration challenges for both existing and future networks. To make full use of 6G’s expanded bandwidth, the research also introduces new waveform and modulation techniques, including adaptive multicarrier modulation and novel matrix designs for Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. These developments aim to improve resistance to Doppler shifts and reduce out-of-band emissions.
Artificial Intelligence in 6G Networks
Another key focus is the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimising 6G radio systems. AI-driven advancements in air interface design, including enhanced antenna management, power control, and user pairing strategies, are examined. The research also extends into JCAS applications, investigating deployment scenarios and resource optimisation strategies that will enable integrated sensing capabilities within future 6G networks.
Spectrum Management and Security Considerations
Managing spectrum coexistence between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks is crucial for future 6G deployments. The deliverable outlines strategies for flexible spectrum use, particularly in overlapping frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) deployments. Security and resilience are also addressed, with a focus on designing network architectures that mitigate privacy risks and counteract jamming threats.
Towards 6G Standardisation and Validation
Deliverable D4.5 provides proof-of-concept validations for 6G technologies, including flexible transceiver systems, AI-driven air interfaces, and bi-static joint communication and sensing. Power consumption, electromagnetic field (EMF) assessments, and channel modelling are evaluated, contributing to global 6G standardisation efforts.
A Step Closer to the 6G Vision
The research presented in D4.5 highlights the ongoing progress in shaping 6G technologies. By refining radio design enablers and validating new concepts, the deliverable contributes to the broader effort of ensuring future networks are more efficient, secure, and adaptable. The findings reflect a collaborative push towards a seamless and sustainable 6G ecosystem, positioning Europe at the forefront of global standardisation efforts.